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higher expression in her maphroditic flowers. Other putative transcription factors identified in this study, such as BEL1 like homeodomain protein, bHLH protein, WRKY DNA binding protein, and NAC domain protein, have been found to regulate various processes of plant development, while a relationship between these transcription factors and plant sex determination has not been AZD3514 previously documented. In addition, among the genes differentially expressed in the two different sex type flowers are several protein kinases. The correlation of transcription factors and protein kinases with sex determination suggested a pool of putative regulatory elements for future functional analysis. Furthermore, SKI II a large number of genes that have not associated with plant sex determination before were differentially expressed, suggesting additional pool of genes for further analysis.

Over represented biological processes in differentially expressed genes We further identified GO terms in NSC 14613 the biological process category that were over represented in the lists of genes showing higher expression in gynoecious and hermaph roditic flowers, respectively, These GO terms serve as indications of significantly different bio logical processes undergoing in flowers of the two differ ent genotypes. GO terms including biopolymer metabolic process, cellular biopolymer metabolic pro cess, cellular macromolecule metabolic process, macro molecule metabolic process, and primary metabolic process, were enriched in both lists of genes, indicating that same biological processes could require different sets of genes during gynoecious and hermaphroditic flower development to maintain their activities.

However, strik ing differences were found between these two lists of enriched GO terms. It is worth noting that GO terms Haematopoiesis related to responses to different kinds of abiotic biotic stresses were highly enriched in genes showing higher expression in gynoecious flowers. It has been reported that a number of environment variables, such as light, temperature, water stress, and disease, as well as exoge nous treatment of hormones or other growth regulating substances, can directly influence plant sex expression, Factors including low temperature, low levels of light intensity, short day treatment, low levels of carbon monoxide in the atmosphere, and exogenous application of auxins can promote cucumber female and depress male sex expression, The results obtained from the present study could provide molecular cues underlying the effects of environmental factors on cucumber Ferrostatin-1 sex expression.

Differences of other enriched GO terms included translation and system development that were enriched in genes showing higher expression AZD3514 in gynoe cious flowers, and proteolysis and chromatin and chro mosome Ferrostatin-1 organization that were enriched in genes showing higher expression in hermaphroditic flowers, However, further studies are required to determine whether these biological processes are related to flower sex determinations. Identification AZD3514 of Simple Sequence Repeats and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Both SSRs and SNPs are valuable markers for plant breeding programs.

It has been reported Ferrostatin-1 that approxi mately 3 7% of expressed genes contain putative SSR motifs, mainly within the un translated regions of the mRNA, SSR markers derived from EST sequences have been extensively used in constructing genetic maps of cucurbit species, In the present study, we per formed a general screen on the cucumber unigene data set for the presence of SSRs. A total of 3,130 SSRs were found in 2,860 unigenes, whereas only 56 SSRs were found in unigenes containing only GenBank sequences. We excluded mononucleotide SSRs in our analysis because of the common homopolymer errors found in 454 sequencing data. The major types of the identified SSRs were trinucleotide and dinucleotide, followed by tetranucleotide, pentanucleotide and hexanucleotide, The most frequent SSR motif is AAG CTT, followed by AG CT, AT TA and AAT ATT, Of